In the general population, anal cancer is extremely rare; however, rates are different for gay, bisexual and queer men, as well as trans women and many Two-Spirit people (GBT2Q). Queer men who are HIV-negative are 19 times more likely, and those living with HIV are 85 times more likely to develop anal cancer than the general population. While trans people have often been excluded from research on anal cancer, evidence suggests the corresponding rates are at least as high for trans women. As such, the likelihood of developing anal cancer for GBT2Q people compares to that of cervical cancer in women before the introduction of cervical screening programs (in GBT2Q living with HIV, rates are considerably higher).
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